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GEOGRAPHY
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Location:
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Northern Asia, between China and Russia (landlocked)
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Area:
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Total: 1.565 million sq km (water: 9,600 sq km, land: 1,555,400 sq km)
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Area - comparative:
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Slightly smaller than Alaska
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Land boundaries:
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Total: 8,162 km, with China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km
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Climate:
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Continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
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Natural resources:
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Oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram,
fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
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Land use:
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Cultivated - 1%, forest - 11%, pasture - 77%
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PEOPLE
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Population:
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2,635,000(End of 2007)
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Urban population:
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65%
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Population growth rate:
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1.49% (2008)
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Birth rate:
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21.44 births/1,000 population (2004)
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Death rate:
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7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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Total population: 67 (2006)
male: 61.97 years
female: 66.48 years (2004)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.27 children born/woman (2004)
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Nationality:
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Noun: Mongolian(s)
Adjective: Mongolian
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Ethnic groups:
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Mongol(predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of which Kazakh is the largest group)
7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 3.4% (1998)
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Religions:
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Buddhism - 85%, Christian 5%, Muslim - 4,1%
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Literacy:
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97%, (female: 97,5%)
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GOVERNMENT
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Country name:
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Conventional long form: none
Conventional short form: Mongolia
Local short form: Mongol Uls
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Freedom house index:
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(1 is the highest, 7 is the lowest) According to Freedom House Mongolia considered
as totally free country since 1994.
Political rights – 2.00, Civil liberties – 2.00
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Capital:
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Ulaanbaatar
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Constitution:
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Since January 13, 1992
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National holiday:
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Independence Day/Revolution Day, July 11
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Head of State:
Executive branch:
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President (elected by popular vote to serve for four-year)
Prime Minister and Cabinet: Prime Minister and Cabinet appointed by the State Great
Hural (Parliament) in consultation with the President
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Legislative branch:
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State Great Hural (Unicameral, 76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
for four year)
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people’s and provincial courts but rarely
overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council
of Courts for approval by the President)
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Political parties:
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24 parties (multi-party system)
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal
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State structure:
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Unitary state. Territory of Mongolia is divided administratively into 21 aimags
(province) and the capital city.
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Economy
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Currency:
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Tughrik, 1US$=1,158.49 Tg
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GDP:
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$1,2 billion
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GDP growth rate:
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5.2% (2003)
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GDP per capita:
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$470
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Unemployment:
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3.4% (2002)
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Major exports:
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Copper, livestock, animal products, wool, hides
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Exports of goods and services:
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$603 million
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Exports – partners:
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China 48.1%, US 30.1%, Russia 6.9%, South Korea 4.2%
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Major imports:
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Machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals,
building materials, sugar, tea
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Imports of goods and services:
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$752 million
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Imports – partners:
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Russia 42.3%, China 23.8%, South Korea 15.3%, Japan 7.5%, Mongolia is the 127th
largest U.S. trading partner
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Foreign direct investment:
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$1 billion
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Index of economic freedom:
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According to the “2004index of economic freedom” report Mongolia standing on 63rd
place (Mostly free)
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Number of tourists annually visiting Mongolia:
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451.598 (2007)
Americans: about 13.000 (up to 90 days are exempted from visa requirements)
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